variable cost :可變成本

variable input :可變投入

variables :變量

vector :向量

visible hand :看得見的手

vulgar economics :庸俗經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

wage :工資

wage rate :工資率

Walras general equilibrium :瓦爾拉斯總體均衡

Walras's law :瓦爾拉斯法則

Wants :需要

Welfare criterion :福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Welfare economics :福利經(jīng)學(xué)

Welfare loss triangle :福利損失三角形

welfare maximization :福利極大化

zero cost :零成本

zero elasticity :零彈性

zero homogeneity :零階齊次性

zero economic profit :零利潤(rùn)

accounting:會(huì)計(jì)

accounting cost :會(huì)計(jì)成本

accounting profit :會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)

adverse selection :逆向選擇

allocation 配置

allocation of resources :資源配置

allocative efficiency :配置效率

antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法

arc elasticity :弧彈性

Arrow's impossibility theorem :阿羅不可能定理

Assumption :假設(shè)

asymmetric information :非對(duì)稱性信息

average :平均

average cost :平均成本

average cost pricing :平均成本定價(jià)法

average fixed cost :平均固定成本

average product of capital :資本平均產(chǎn)量

average product of labour :勞動(dòng)平均產(chǎn)量

average revenue :平均收益

average total cost :平均總成本

average variable cost :平均可變成本

barriers to entry :進(jìn)入壁壘

base year :基年

bilateral monopoly :雙邊壟斷

benefit :收益

black market :黑市

bliss point :極樂點(diǎn)

boundary point :邊界點(diǎn)

break even point :收支相抵點(diǎn)

budget :預(yù)算

budget constraint :預(yù)算約束

budget line :預(yù)算線

budget set 預(yù)算集

capital :資本

capital stock :資本存量

capital output ratio :資本產(chǎn)出比率

capitalism :資本主義

cardinal utility theory :基數(shù)效用論

cartel :卡特爾

ceteris puribus assumption :“其他條件不變”的假設(shè)

ceteris puribus demand curve :其他因素不變的需求曲線

Chamberlin model :張伯倫模型

change in demand :需求變化

change in quantity demanded :需求量變化

change in quantity supplied :供給量變化

change in supply :供給變化

choice :選擇

closed set :閉集

Coase theorem :科斯定理

Cobb—Douglas production function :柯布--道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

cobweb model :蛛網(wǎng)模型

collective bargaining :集體協(xié)議工資

collusion :合謀

command economy :指令經(jīng)濟(jì)

commodity :商品

commodity combination :商品組合

commodity market :商品市場(chǎng)

commodity space :商品空間

common property :公用財(cái)產(chǎn)

comparative static analysis :比較靜態(tài)分析

compensated budget line :補(bǔ)償預(yù)算線

compensated demand function :補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)

compensation principles :補(bǔ)償原則

compensating variation in income :收入補(bǔ)償變量

competition :競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

competitive market :競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)

complement goods :互補(bǔ)品

complete information :完全信息

completeness :完備性

condition for efficiency in exchange :交換的最優(yōu)條件

condition for efficiency in production :生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件

concave :凹

concave function :凹函數(shù)

concave preference :凹偏好

consistence :一致性

constant cost industry :成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)

constant returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變

constraints :約束

consumer :消費(fèi)者

consumer behavior :消費(fèi)者行為

consumer choice :消費(fèi)者選擇

consumer equilibrium :消費(fèi)者均衡

consumer optimization :消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化

consumer preference :消費(fèi)者偏好

consumer surplus :消費(fèi)者剩余

consumer theory :消費(fèi)者理論

consumption :消費(fèi)

consumption bundle :消費(fèi)束

consumption combination :消費(fèi)組合

consumption possibility curve :消費(fèi)可能曲線

consumption possibility frontier :消費(fèi)可能性前沿

consumption set :消費(fèi)集

consumption space :消費(fèi)空間

continuity :連續(xù)性

continuous function :連續(xù)函數(shù)

contract curve :契約曲線

convex :凸

convex function :凸函數(shù)

convex preference :凸偏好

convex set :凸集

corporation :公司

cost :成本

cost benefit analysis :成本收益分

cost function :成本函數(shù)

cost minimization :成本極小化

Cournot equilibrium :古諾均衡

Cournot model :古諾模型

Cross—price elasticity :交叉價(jià)格彈性

dead—weights loss :重負(fù)損失

decreasing cost industry :成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)

decreasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減

deduction :演繹法

demand :需求

demand curve :需求曲線

demand elasticity :需求彈性

demand function :需求函數(shù)

demand price :需求價(jià)格

demand schedule :需求表

depreciation :折舊

derivative :導(dǎo)數(shù)

derive demand :派生需求

difference equation :差分方程

differential equation :微分方程

differentiated good :差異商品

differentiated oligoply :差異寡頭

diminishing marginal substitution :邊際替代率遞減

diminishing marginal return :收益遞減

diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減

direct approach :直接法

direct taxes :直接稅

discounting :貼稅、折扣

diseconomies of scale :規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)

disequilibrium :非均衡

distribution :分配

division of labour :勞動(dòng)分工

distribution theory of marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率分配論

duopoly :雙頭壟斷、雙寡

duality :對(duì)偶

durable goods :耐用品

dynamic analysis :動(dòng)態(tài)分析

dynamic models :動(dòng)態(tài)模型

Economic agents :經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者

economic cost :經(jīng)濟(jì)成本

economic efficiency :經(jīng)濟(jì)效率

economic goods :經(jīng)濟(jì)物品

economic man :經(jīng)濟(jì)人

economic mode :經(jīng)濟(jì)模型

economic profit :經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)

economic region of production :生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域

economic regulation :經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)

economic rent :經(jīng)濟(jì)租金

exchange :交換

economics :經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

exchange efficiency :交換效率

economy :經(jīng)濟(jì)

exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線

economy of scale :規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)

Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思圖

exclusion :排斥性、排他性

Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契約線

Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型

efficiency :效率，效益

efficiency parameter :效率參數(shù)

elasticity :彈性

elasticity of substitution :替代彈性

endogenous variable :內(nèi)生變量

endowment :稟賦

endowment of resources :資源稟賦

Engel curve :恩格爾曲線

entrepreneur :企業(yè)家

entrepreneurship :企業(yè)家才能

entry barriers :進(jìn)入壁壘

entry/exit decision :進(jìn)出決策

envelope curve :包絡(luò)線

equilibrium :均衡

equilibrium condition :均衡條件

equilibrium price :均衡價(jià)格

equilibrium quantity :均衡產(chǎn)量

equity :公平

equivalent variation in income :收入等價(jià)變量

excess—capacity theorem :過度生產(chǎn)能力定理

excess supply :過度供給

exchange :交換

exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線

exclusion :排斥性、排他性

exclusion principle :排他性原則

existence :存在性

existence of general equilibrium :總體均衡的存在性

exogenous variables :外生變量

expansion paths :擴(kuò)展徑

expectation :期望

expected utility :期望效用

expected value :期望值

expenditure :支出

explicit cost :顯性成本

external benefit :外部收益

external cost :外部成本

external economy :外部經(jīng)濟(jì)

external diseconomy :外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)

externalities :外部性

Factor :要素

factor demand :要素需求

factor market :要素市場(chǎng)

factors of production :生產(chǎn)要素

factor substitution :要素替代

factor supply :要素供給

fallacy of composition :合成謬誤

final goods :最終產(chǎn)品

firm :企業(yè)

firms’demand curve for labor :企業(yè)勞動(dòng)需求曲線

firm supply curve :企業(yè)供給曲線

first-degree price discrimination :第一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視

first—order condition :一階條件

fixed costs :固定成本

fixed input :固定投入

fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

flow :流量

fluctuation :波動(dòng)

for whom to produce :為誰(shuí)生產(chǎn)

free entry :自由進(jìn)入

free goods :自由品，免費(fèi)品

free mobility of resources :資源自由流動(dòng)

free rider :搭便車，免費(fèi)搭車

function :函數(shù)

future value :未來值

game theory :對(duì)策論、博弈論

general equilibrium :總體均衡

general goods :一般商品

Giffen goods :吉芬晶 收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線

Giffen's Paradox :吉芬之謎

Gini coefficient :吉尼系數(shù)

Golden rule :黃金規(guī)則

goods :貨物

government failure :政府失敗

government regulation :政府調(diào)控

grand utility possibility curve :總效用可能曲線

grand utility possibility frontier :總效用可能前沿

heterogeneous product :異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion :?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡?biāo)準(zhǔn)

homogeneity :齊次性

homogeneous demand function :齊次需求函數(shù)

homogeneous product :同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

homogeneous production function :齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

horizontal summation :水平和

household :家庭

how to produce :如何生產(chǎn)

human capital :人力資本

hypothesis :假說

identity :恒等式

imperfect competition :不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

implicit cost :隱性成本

income :收入

income compensated demand curve :收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線

income constraint :收入約束

income consumption curve :收入消費(fèi)曲線

income distribution :收入分配

income effect :收入效應(yīng)

income elasticity of demand :需求收入彈性

increasing cost industry :成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)

increasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增

inefficiency :缺乏效率

index number :指數(shù)

indifference :無差異

indifference curve :無差異曲線

indifference map :無差異族

indifference relation :無差異關(guān)系

indifference set :無差異集

indirect approach :間接法

individual analysis :個(gè)量分析

individual demand curve :個(gè)人需求曲線

individual demand function :個(gè)人需求函數(shù)

induced variable :引致變量

induction :歸納法

industry :產(chǎn)業(yè)

industry equilibrium :產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡

industry supply curve :產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線

inelastic :缺乏彈性的

inferior goods :劣品

inflection point :拐點(diǎn)

information :信息

information cost :信息成本

initial condition :初始條件

initial endowment :初始稟賦

innovation :創(chuàng)新

input :投入

input—output :投入—產(chǎn)出

institution :制度

institutional economics :制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

insurance :保險(xiǎn)

intercept :截距

interest :利息

interest rate :利息率

intermediate goods :中間產(chǎn)品

internalization of externalities :外部性內(nèi)部化

invention :發(fā)明

inverse demand function :逆需求函數(shù)

investment :投資

invisible hand :看不見的手

isocost line :等成本線，

isoprofit curve :等利潤(rùn)曲線

isoquant curve :等產(chǎn)量曲線

isoquant map :等產(chǎn)量族

kinded—demand curve :彎折的需求曲線

labour :勞動(dòng)

labour demand :勞動(dòng)需求

labour supply :勞動(dòng)供給

labour theory of value :勞動(dòng)價(jià)值論

labour unions :工會(huì)

laissez faire :自由放任

Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函數(shù)

Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘數(shù)，

land :土地

law :法則

law of demand and supply :供需法

law of diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減法則

law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution

:邊際替代率遞減法則

law of diminishing marginal rate of technical

substitution :邊際技術(shù)替代率

law of increasing cost :成本遞增法則

law of one price :單一價(jià)格法則

leader—follower model :領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者--跟隨者模型

least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入組合

leisure :閑暇

Leontief production function :列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

licenses :許可證

linear demand function :線性需求函數(shù)

linear homogeneity :線性齊次性

linear homogeneous production function :線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

long run :長(zhǎng)期

long run average cost :長(zhǎng)期平均成本

long run equilibrium :長(zhǎng)期均衡

long run industry supply curve :長(zhǎng)期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線

long run marginal cost :長(zhǎng)期邊際成本

long run total cost :長(zhǎng)期總成本

Lorenz curve :洛倫茲曲線

loss minimization :損失極小化

1ump sum tax :一次性征稅

luxury :奢侈品

macroeconomics :宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

marginal :邊際的

marginal benefit :邊際收益

marginal cost :邊際成本

marginal cost pricing :邊際成本定價(jià)

marginal cost of factor :邊際要素成本

marginal physical productivity :實(shí)際實(shí)物生產(chǎn)率

marginal product :邊際產(chǎn)量

marginal product of capital :資本的邊際產(chǎn)量

marginal product of 1abour :勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量

marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率

marginal rate of substitution :邊替代率

marginal rate of transformation 邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率

marginal returns :邊際回報(bào)

marginal revenue :邊際收益

marginal revenue product :邊際收益產(chǎn)品

marginal revolution :邊際革命

marginal social benefit :社會(huì)邊際收益

marginal social cost :社會(huì)邊際成本

marginal utility :邊際效用

marginal value products :邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品

market :市場(chǎng)

market clearance :市場(chǎng)結(jié)清，市場(chǎng)洗清

market demand :市場(chǎng)需求

market economy :市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

market equilibrium :市場(chǎng)均衡

market failure :市場(chǎng)失敗

market mechanism :市場(chǎng)機(jī)制

market structure :市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)

market separation :市場(chǎng)分割

market regulation :市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)

market share :市場(chǎng)份額

markup pricing :加減定價(jià)法

Marshallian demand function :馬歇爾需求函數(shù)

maximization :極大化

microeconomics :微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

minimum wage :最低工資

misallocation of resources :資源誤置

mixed economy :混合經(jīng)濟(jì)

model :模型

money :貨幣

monopolistic competition :壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

monopolistic exploitation :壟斷剝削

monopoly :壟斷，賣方壟斷

monopoly equilibrium :壟斷均衡

monopoly pricing :壟斷定價(jià)

monopoly regulation :壟斷調(diào)控

monopoly rents :壟斷租金

monopsony :買方壟斷

Nash equilibrium :納什均衡

Natural monopoly :自然壟斷

Natural resources :自然資源

Necessary condition :必要條件

necessities :必需品

net demand :凈需求

nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好

nonconvexity :非凸性

nonexclusion :非排斥性

nonlinear pricing :非線性定價(jià)

nonrivalry :非對(duì)抗性

nonprice competition :非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

nonsatiation :非飽和性

non--zero—sum game :非零和對(duì)策

normal goods :正常品

normal profit :正常利潤(rùn)

normative economics :規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

objective function :目標(biāo)函數(shù)

oligopoly :寡頭壟斷

oligopoly market :寡頭市場(chǎng)

oligopoly model :寡頭模型

opportunity cost :機(jī)會(huì)成本

optimal choice :最佳選擇

optimal consumption bundle :消費(fèi)束

perfect elasticity :完全有彈性

optimal resource allocation :最佳資源配置

optimal scale :最佳規(guī)模

optimal solution :最優(yōu)解

optimization :優(yōu)化

ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社會(huì))偏好排序

ordinal utility :序數(shù)效用

ordinary goods :一般品

output :產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出

output elasticity :產(chǎn)出彈性

output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化

parameter :參數(shù)

Pareto criterion :帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率

Pareto improvement :帕累托改進(jìn)

Pareto optimality :帕累托優(yōu)化

Pareto set :帕累托集

partial derivative :偏導(dǎo)數(shù)

partial equilibrium :局部均衡

patent :專利

pay off matrix :收益矩陣、支付矩陣

perceived demand curve :感覺到的需求曲線

perfect competition :完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

perfect complement :完全互補(bǔ)品

perfect monopoly :完全壟斷

perfect price discrimination :完全價(jià)格歧視

perfect substitution :完全替代品

perfect inelasticity :完全無彈性

perfectly elastic :完全有彈性

perfectly inelastic :完全無彈性

plant size :工廠規(guī)模

point elasticity :點(diǎn)彈性

post Hoc Fallacy :后此謬誤

prediction :預(yù)測(cè)

preference :偏好

preference relation :偏好關(guān)系

present value :現(xiàn)值

price :價(jià)格

price adjustment model :價(jià)格調(diào)整模型

price ceiling :最高限價(jià)

price consumption curve :價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線

price control :價(jià)格管制

price difference :價(jià)格差別

price discrimination :價(jià)格歧視

price elasticity of demand :需求價(jià)格彈性

price elasticity of supply :供給價(jià)格彈性

price floor :最低限價(jià)

price maker :價(jià)格制定者

price rigidity :價(jià)格剛性

price seeker :價(jià)格搜求者

price taker :價(jià)格接受者

price tax :從價(jià)稅

private benefit :私人收益

principal—agent issues :委托--代理問題

private cost :私人成本

private goods :私人用品

private property :私人財(cái)產(chǎn)

producer equilibrium :生產(chǎn)者均衡

producer theory :生產(chǎn)者理論

product :產(chǎn)品

product transformation curve :產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線

product differentiation :產(chǎn)品差異

product group :產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)

production :生產(chǎn)

production contract curve :生產(chǎn)契約曲線

production efficiency :生產(chǎn)效率

production function :生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

production possibility curve :生產(chǎn)可能性曲線

productivity :生產(chǎn)率

productivity of capital :資本生產(chǎn)率

productivity of labor :勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率

profit :利潤(rùn)

profit function :利潤(rùn)函數(shù)

profit maximization :利潤(rùn)極大化

property rights :產(chǎn)權(quán)

property rights economics :產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

proposition :定理

proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲線

public benefits :公共收益

public choice :公共選擇

public goods :公共商品

pure competition :純粹競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

rivalry :對(duì)抗性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

pure exchange :純交換

pure monopoly :純粹壟斷

quantity—adjustment model :數(shù)量調(diào)整模型

quantity tax :從量稅

quasi—rent :準(zhǔn)租金

rate of product transformation :產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率

rationality :理性

reaction function :反應(yīng)函數(shù)

regulation :調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)控

relative price 相對(duì)價(jià)格

rent :租金

rent control :規(guī)模報(bào)酬

rent seeking :尋租

rent seeking economics :尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

resource :資源

resource allocation :資源配置

returns :報(bào)酬、回報(bào)

returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬

revealed preference :顯示性偏好

revenue :收益

revenue curve :收益曲線

revenue function :收益函數(shù)

revenue maximization :收益極大化

ridge line :脊線

risk :風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

satiation :飽和，滿足

saving :儲(chǔ)蓄

scarcity :稀缺性

law of scarcity :稀缺法則

second—degree price discrimination :二級(jí)價(jià)格歧視

second derivative :--階導(dǎo)數(shù)

second—order condition :二階條件

service :勞務(wù)

set :集

shadow prices :影子價(jià)格

short—run :短期

short—run cost curve :短期成本曲線

short—run equilibrium :短期均衡

short—run supply curve :短期供給曲線

shut down decision :關(guān)閉決策

shortage 短缺

shut down point :關(guān)閉點(diǎn)

single price monopoly :單一定價(jià)壟斷

slope :斜率

social benefit :社會(huì)收益

social cost :社會(huì)成本

social indifference curve :社會(huì)無差異曲線

social preference :社會(huì)偏好

social security :社會(huì)保障

social welfare function :社會(huì)福利函數(shù)

socialism :社會(huì)主義

solution :解

space :空間

stability :穩(wěn)定性

stable equilibrium :穩(wěn)定的均衡

Stackelberg model :斯塔克爾貝格模型

static analysis :靜態(tài)分析

stock :存量

stock market :股票市場(chǎng)

strategy :策略

subsidy :津貼

substitutes :替代品

substitution effect :替代效應(yīng)

substitution parameter :替代參數(shù)

sufficient condition :充分條件

supply :供給

supply curve :供給曲線

supply function :供給函數(shù)

supply schedule :供給表

Sweezy model :斯威齊模型

symmetry :對(duì)稱性

symmetry of information :信息對(duì)稱

tangency :相切

taste :興致

technical efficiency :技術(shù)效率

technological constraints ；技術(shù)約束

technological progress :技術(shù)進(jìn)步

technology :技術(shù)

third—degree price discrimination :第**價(jià)格歧視

total cost :總成本

total effect :總效應(yīng)

total expenditure :總支出

total fixed cost :總固定成本

total product :總產(chǎn)量

total revenue :總收益

total utility :總效用

total variable cost :總可變成本

traditional economy :傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

transitivity :傳遞性

transaction cost :交易費(fèi)用

uncertainty :不確定性

uniqueness :唯一性

unit elasticity :單位彈性

unstable equilibrium :不穩(wěn)定均衡

utility :效用

utility function :效用函數(shù)

utility index :效用指數(shù)

utility maximization :效用極大化

utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲線

utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿

value :價(jià)值

value judge :價(jià)值判斷

value of marginal product :邊際產(chǎn)量?jī)r(jià)值